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Suez Canal
The Suez Canal ((アラビア語:قناة السويس) ') is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez, and separates the African continent from Asia. After 10 years of construction, it was officially opened on November 17, 1869. The canal allows ships to travel between Europe and South Asia without navigating around Africa, thereby reducing the sea voyage distance by about . It extends from the northern terminus of Port Said to the southern terminus of Port Tewfik at the city of Suez. In 2012, 17,225 vessels traversed the canal (47 per day).
The canal is a single-lane waterway with passing locations in the Ballah Bypass and the Great Bitter Lake.〔(Suez Canal Authority )〕 It contains no locks system, with seawater flowing freely through it. In general, the canal north of the Bitter Lakes flows north in winter and south in summer. South of the lakes, the current changes with the tide at Suez.
The canal is owned and maintained by the Suez Canal Authority (SCA) of Egypt. Under the Convention of Constantinople, it may be used "in time of war as in time of peace, by every vessel of commerce or of war, without distinction of flag."〔Constantinople Convention of the Suez Canal of 2 March 1888 still in force and specifically maintained in Nasser's Nationalization Act.〕
In August 2014, construction was launched to expand and widen the Ballah Bypass for to speed the canal's transit time. The expansion is expected to double the capacity of the Suez Canal from 49 to 97 ships a day. At a cost of $8.4 billion, this project was funded with interest-bearing investment certificates issued exclusively to Egyptian entities and individuals. The "New Suez Canal", as the expansion was dubbed, was opened with great fanfare in a ceremony on 6 August 2015.
==History==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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